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The September Six were six members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) who were excommunicated or disfellowshipped by the church in September 1993, for allegedly publishing scholarly work against Mormon doctrine or criticizing church doctrine or leadership. The term "September Six" was coined by ''The Salt Lake Tribune'' and the term was used in the media and subsequent discussion. The LDS Church's action was referred to by some as evidence of an anti-intellectual posture on the part of church leadership.〔 〕〔''One Nation Under Gods'', Richard Abanes, p.417-419〕 ==LDS Church measures against the September Six== Except for Lynne Kanavel Whitesides, all of the September Six were excommunicated; Whitesides was disfellowshipped, a lesser sanction that does not formally expel one from church membership. To date, three of the September Six have retained or regained church membership: Avraham Gileadi〔Fidel, Steve. ("Scholar Rebaptized Into LDS Church." ) ''Salt Lake City and Utah Breaking News.'' ''Deseret News,'' 8 March 1996.〕 and Maxine Hanks,〔Stack, Peggy Fletcher. ("Excommunicated Mormon to Tell How She Came Back to the Faith." ) ''Utah Local News - Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive.'' ''The Salt Lake Tribune'', 26 July 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2012.〕 who were rebaptized, and Lynne Whitesides, who remains a disfellowshipped member. While the LDS Church sometimes announces when a prominent member has been excommunicated, the default policy is to refuse to publicly discuss details about the reasons for any excommunication, even if details of the proceedings are made public by that person. Such disciplinary proceedings are typically undertaken locally, initiated by leaders at the ward or stake level, but at least one of the September Six has suggested his excommunication was orchestrated by higher-ranking LDS Church leaders. Procedures pertaining to the organization of these disciplinary councils is found in the LDS Church's scriptural Doctrine and Covenants (section 102 ), as well as in the church's administrative ''Handbook 1''; when a member is summoned to these councils they are notified beforehand by their local church leaders. The LDS Church later excommunicated sisters Janice Merrill Allred in 1995 and Margaret Merrill Toscano in 2000, writers who had collaborated with several of the September Six and were also involved in disciplinary actions during 1993.〔Allred, Janice, 1997. "My Struggle for a More Loving, Tolerant, and Egalitarian Church", ''Case Reports of the Mormon Alliance'' 2(4). http://mormon-alliance.org/casereports/volume2/part4/v2p4.htm〕 Other than the summons sent to each of the six (specifying that their behavior was "contrary to the laws and order of the church"), the LDS Church's point of view is missing as to why each of the September Six was disciplined. Based on their own comments and other sources, the following brief bios offer some perspective regarding the six individuals' discipline and their current relationship to Mormonism. == Short biographies of the six individuals == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「September Six」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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